Men-robots: how to set up a harmonious collaboration?
Published on 21 June 2022
Rather than replacing humans with robots in warehouses, human-robot collaboration (or HRC) systems invite them to work closely together. While there is little doubt about the potential benefits of this approach in terms of performance and reduction of musculoskeletal disorders, the challenges of achieving smooth and safe collaboration remain numerous. What are the conditions for successful RHC in the logistics sector? Our answers.
Assisting the operator with a robotic arm to avoid repetitive movements in assembly tasks; improving working conditions and reducing ergonomic risks during pick and place operations (moving parts or goods); optimizing and securing palletization... these are some of the advantages of collaborative robotics in the logistics sector. However, in practice, this collaboration between a human and a robot is far from being innate. Let's take a closer look at four good practices.
Anticipate collaboration scenarios
In a HPC approach, the human and the robot do not just work side by side: they work together, in the same space, with physical contact. How to define and allocate the tasks of each, in complete safety for the operator, is the first big challenge. Organizing and documenting the allocation of tasks and subtasks in human-robot collaboration is essential, but not sufficient. To ensure a sustainable and resilient collaboration, many variables and assumptions must be foreseen from the start to allow flexibility in the system and prevent risks. For example, identify potential dangerous or inefficient movements; take into account cognitive and psychological factors of the collaborators (inattention, de-motivation..), etc.
Make sure the human understands the robot... and vice versa
In 1996, Barbara J. Grosz, a leading Harvard computer science researcher, was already working on collaborative systems. She pointed out that collaboration between a human and a machine implies both interaction between the two parties, i.e. two-way communication, and also a sharing of intentions. In other words, the ability to understand each other in order to achieve a common goal.
In the logistics sector, good collaboration is based on the one hand on the training of operators in the use of digital tools and human-machine interfaces. On the other hand, it depends on the robot's ability to anticipate unforeseen behaviors and intentions of the human, in order to adapt accordingly. This means taking into account objective indicators, such as time or quality. Equipping operators with wireless sensors is another way to feed the robot with useful data, to avoid collusion risks, for example.
Numerous experiments based on voice recognition are underway, allowing robots to understand the natural language of operators to adjust their actions.
Create a Chief Robotics Officer position
The implementation of a human-robot collaboration system requires a complete overhaul of the warehouse organization. The risk is to impose the use of cobots without a solid strategy. The role of a CRO, for Chief Robotics Officer, is to act as a conductor at the crossroads of engineering, HR and business. It is no longer just about managing employees, but hybrid teams, composed of humans and robots. This profile is still under-represented. "Many organizations do not have the internal expertise in robotics and automation (...) to make informed and strategic decisions," says Dwight Klappich, VP analyst at Gartner Supply Chain.
96% of logistics professionals surveyed by Gartner are using or considering cyber-physical automation in warehouses or production facilities.1
Definition of cyber-physical system: a set of IT tools that work together to control physical entities, such as cobots or exoskeletons...
Focus on a robust warehouse management system, taking into account all the challenges of the RSC
In the context of logistics warehouses, effective human-robot collaboration is not based on a duo but on a trio of players, as the WMS also plays a key role. Indeed, cobots must be able to exchange in real time with the global management system. Thus, the ability of the WMS to interface quickly and easily with all the automation tools and services to which the robots are connected is crucial.
Moreover, no matter how intelligent a robot is, it is not immune to technical failure. In a HPC model, the tasks allocated to the cobots must always be physically and technically accessible to the operators, so that they can take over in case of a problem. If necessary, the WMS must also be able to switch immediately to manual mode to avoid production stoppages.
Generix's integrated warehouse management solutions meet these key issues of interfacing and reversibility. They also facilitate the adoption (and acceptability) of robots by teams, thanks to user-friendly interfaces boosted by gamification.
1 According to Gartner Supply Chain Practice, September 2021
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